#Circular scaffolding design plus#

The architecture of the tissue-engineered scaffold is an important design consideration that can modulate biological response and long-term clinical success of the scaffold. A strong emphasis is placed on understanding the effects of varying these three design parameters on the overall mechanical properties and cellular response to the tissue-engineered scaffold. Our approach to the design of functional ACL replacement grafts focuses on several parameters: architecture, porosity, degradability, and cell source. Several groups have reported on potential ACL scaffolds using collagen, silk, biodegradable polymers, and composite materials, ,, ,. The ideal ACL replacement scaffold should be biodegradable, porous, biocompatible, exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, and able to promote the formation of ligamentous tissue. Tissue engineering may be defined as the application of biological, chemical, and engineering principles toward the repair, restoration, or regeneration of living tissues using biomaterials, cells, and factors alone or in combination. There is a growing interest in tissue-engineered solutions to musculoskeletal injuries. Clearly, alternative ACL replacement and reconstruction methods would be advantageous.

Although these synthetic grafts exhibit excellent short-term results, the long-term clinical outcome is poor due to mechanical mismatch, poor abrasion resistance, high incidence of fatigue failures, and limited integration between the graft and host tissue,.

There are several commercially available synthetic ACL grafts, including the Gore Tex prosthesis, the StrykerвЂ“Dacron ligament, and the Kennedy ligament augmentation device (LAD),. Allografts are restricted in use due to the potential for infectious disease transfer and unreliable graft incorporation.

However, autogenous grafts are limited by donor site-related problems such as harvest site infection, nerve injury, and patellar fracture. Current treatment modalities utilizing autogenous grafts such as boneвЂ“patellar tendonвЂ“bone and hamstring tendon have demonstrated clinically functional outcomes, ,, ,. Due to the ACL's intrinsically poor healing potential and limited vascularization, ACL ruptures do not heal and surgical intervention is usually required. It connects the femur to the tibia and is completely enveloped by synovium. The ACL is an intraarticular ligament that controls normal motion and acts as a joint stabilizer. | for each 1 kv over | but never less thanД®xception to paragraph (f)(6): Scaffolds and materials may be closer to power lines than specified above where such clearance is necessary for performance of work, and only after the utility company, or electrical system operator, has been notified of the need to work closer and the utility company, or electrical system operator, has deenergized the lines, relocated the lines, or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines.The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a commonly injured ligament of the knee, with over 250,000 patients each year diagnosed with a torn ACL, and approximately 150,000 ACL surgeries performed annually. | 0.4 inches (1.0 cm) | the line insulator,

#Circular scaffolding design plus#

More than 50 kv.| 10 feet (3.1 m) plus | 2 times the length of | for each 1 kv over | insulator, but never More than 50 kv.| 10 feet (3.1 m) plus | 2 times the length Voltage | Minimum distance | Alternatives The clearance between scaffolds and power lines shall be as follows: Scaffolds shall not be erected, used, dismantled, altered, or moved such that they or any conductive material handled on them might come closer to exposed and energized power lines than as follows: